The True Cost of “No Cost” Publishing 

The True Cost of “No Cost” Publishing 

It’s no secret that publishing a book costs money, regardless of whether it comes from the author’s pocket or the publisher’s. With so many publishing paths available to authors today, it’s essential to research exactly what your intended service offers. Is the publisher taking on the burden of risk? Is the author expected to pay a fee upfront? Is the agreement clear and transparent? Between professional editing, formatting, cover design, and more, book production costs can add up.

By this point, you may be biting your lip and thinking, “Do I have the budget for this? Isn’t there a way to get my book published without paying?” The answer is yes…but really, no.

Here’s why:

Traditional publishing works under the idea that authors first secure a literary agent, who then pitches the book to publishing houses. The process is slow and uncertain. If your book is sold, the publisher typically pays you an advance (meaning a lump sum of money upfront). This sounds great, right? But wait. Your literary agent will take a cut of that advance (usually 15%), and then you have to earn out your advance in order to receive any royalties on sales. A well-known fact in the publishing industry is that most books do NOT earn out their advance. So that means you won’t see any money from sales.

On the other end of the spectrum is self-publishing (or “indie” publishing), where the author publishes their book without a publisher. Self-publishing is growing in popularity. However, there are pros and cons to consider, primarily the cost. Creating and distributing a professional, high-quality book that can compete with its traditionally-published counterparts isn’t cheap. In this model, authors pay out of pocket for services like editing, formatting, cover design, eBook creation, and audiobook creation, not to mention the critical aspect of marketing. All of this can add up FAST, plus be a headache if you’re not equipped with the skill or time to do so.

Then there’s the middle ground, and that’s where we live. As a hybrid publisher, we share the investment with our authors, finding a mutually beneficial balance. Under our royalty structure, you earn 100% of the profits made by your book until you have earned your entire investment back. Read that again: 100%! But isn’t that the same as self-publishing? Yes, however, we do all the prep work to make your book stand out and be positioned in the market to maximize sales. You won’t have to worry about hiring freelancers or surprise costs popping up. The one-time fee package means that everything is taken care of, so you can enjoy the parts of publishing you love: the writing and the rewards.

Even after you have earned your investment back, Page Publishing is only entitled to 20 cents per book sold. Depending on your book’s price point, your share of a physical book sale (paperback or hardcover) could earn you between $3-$4 per book sold. While eBook sales are often higher due to the low production cost, which means you’ll make even more. Score! You are entitled to 100% of these earnings under our agreement. Those “no-cost” publishing contracts will give you 15-20% or less. The big question becomes: Why provide a publisher with such a big slice of the pie for YOUR work?

Let’s circle back to the important first step of choosing a publishing path. Now that you understand the differences, as well as some of the advantages and disadvantages, you can make an objective choice. It’s tempting to go for what’s perceived as the “no-cost” option, but the truth is there’s no such thing. As the old saying goes, nothing in life is free. At some point along the way, there will be costs associated with every publishing choice—some may be more immediate than others, but they’re there all the same. If you compare two similar books—one that went traditional, the other hybrid—the ins and outs of money might look different, but in many cases, end up equaling out. The difference is in the details.

All this to say that publishing choices shouldn’t be made looking through rose-colored glasses. Things at first glance may seem superior, but when you break it all down, you’ll see that there is a massive benefit to choosing a hybrid publisher like Page Publishing, who will bring your book to market in an efficient, qualified way. At the end of the day, there’s always a cost—you just need to decide whether it’s worth it. In our proven publishing model, the answer is yes.

How can I make money from my book with Page Publishing as my publisher?

How can I make money from my book with Page Publishing as my publisher?

Ask any author if they chose their career for the money, and the answer will be “no.” For many, the passion is in the writing itself, and the primary goal may solely be to get their book into the hands of readers. However, that’s not to say that you can’t make money from publishing a book. Generating more royalties from your book is possible, especially when you partner with a publisher such as Page Publishing.

Our primary goal is to make you, the author, money. We pursue various avenues, including both print and digital formats. Your book’s success is in our direct interest because we only take a small slice of each sale (more on that below). At the end of the day, we’re proud of the books we publish, and we’re eager to promote each title in our catalog to the fullest.

 

In today’s crowded digital world, there are seemingly endless publishing services—but that doesn’t mean they’re all created equal. Authors should take their time researching companies to make sure they understand precisely what they’re getting. Some services offer very little, leaving a giant amount of work to the author, while others (like us!) are full-package options. Bringing a book into the world is much more than just writing and uploading. It takes many steps, including professional editing, formatting, obtaining an ISBN, converting to an eBook, distribution, and the all-important marketing and promotion. The process can be overwhelming for writers, so we take these steps off your plate. We utilize established resources such as in-house editors and cover designers to ensure your book is in perfect, professional condition for publication. When it comes to selling, we connect with all the major platforms to sell your book as aggressively as possible.

So how do you make money?

Unlike traditional publishing, which takes a large cut of each book’s sale, our approach flips the model, leaving authors to take home the biggest piece of the pie. All net proceeds from any sale of your book go to you, with Page Publishing taking only a small commission (typically 20 cents) only after you recoup all your costs. That’s wildly different from other publishers who keep most of the profits. In the end, we believe you worked hard to write your book, and you should be the one to profit from it.

Here is a breakdown of platforms and royalties and what you can expect to earn:

DIGITAL SALES (eBooks)

Amazon Kindle (KDP):

KDP offers two royalty options. Authors may opt to enroll in KDP Select, meaning that their eBook is exclusive to Amazon for a time. In this option, authors earn higher royalties (70% for books priced between $2.99 and $9.99). If you choose not to enroll in KDP Select (in which case you are “going wide” with your eBook) or have a price point outside the KDP Select range, you will earn only 35% royalty.

So, for instance:
If your book is priced at $2.99 and is enrolled in KDP Select, you would earn about $2.10 per sale. If it’s not in KDP Select, you will earn about $1.00.

Some authors feel it is more lucrative to take the higher royalty. However, there are pros and cons to being exclusive to one platform. It may be worth trying both to see how the book sells.

Apple Books, Barnes & Noble, Google Play

On these platforms, eBook authors earn 70% of sales regardless of price point. So, if your book is sold for $9.99, you’ll earn $6.99. If it’s sold for $2.99, you’ll earn $2.00. Unlike KDP, you don’t need to be exclusive to earn this higher royalty.

AUDIOBOOKS

Audiobooks, which are on the rise in popularity, work in primarily the same fashion. ACX, Amazon’s audiobook platform, also offers authors two options. If you choose to go exclusive to ACX, you will earn 40% for Audible, Amazon, and iTunes sales. If you choose to be non-exclusive and retain the right to distribute elsewhere, you will earn 25% of retail sales.

Audiobook pricing depends on the book’s length, and authors cannot choose. According to ACX, the following is the typical breakdown of price points:

  • under 1 hour: under $7
  • 1 – 3 hours: $7 – $10
  • 3 – 5 hours: $10 – $20
  • 5 – 10 hours: $15 – $25
  • 10 – 20 hours: $20 – $30
  • over 20 hours: $25 – 35

PRINT SALES (physical books)

At Page Publishing, we work directly with Ingram Content Network, the world’s largest book wholesale distribution network. Ingram serves over 40,000 booksellers, libraries, and educational institutions—including big names like Barnes & Noble, as well as local independent bookstores in your town.

When booksellers order your book, Ingram prints and ships to them directly. Page Publishing offers Ingram a wholesale discount, which is then passed on to the retailer. What this all means is that Ingram pays us a wholesale price, we deduct our printing costs, and what’s left is the profit that goes to you (minus our twenty-cent commission).

Let’s look at an example:

Book’s retail price: $19.95
Ingram pays a wholesale price of $9.97
Subtract printing costs: $5.00
Profit: $4.97
Subtract $.20 commission
Royalty to the author: $4.77 per book

Why should you choose Page Publishing to help get you the most money?

All of our authors deserve the same success, so we aggressively make our titles available in as many retailers as possible. Your success is our success! Marketing can be a tricky piece of the publishing puzzle, but with our resources and expertise, we can help publicize your book to bring in more money for you. At the end of the day, publishing your book shouldn’t be a headache—that’s where a trusted service like Page Publishing comes in. Let us help you bring your book to life!

Establishing Your Target Audience

Establishing Your Target Audience

Once you have completed your writing, you may face a big question: How do I reach my readers? The answer comes down to knowing who your readers are, where they hang out, and how to market to them effectively. It’s no surprise that knowing your readers will increase sales, but knowing your readers AND employing effective marketing will make those sales even bigger. So let’s take a look at strategies for establishing your target audience.

1. Identify your ideal reader.

Who is the person you’re writing for? If you could conjure an ideal reader, what would they look like? Think of demographics, psychographics, interests, buying habits, and more. The goal is to speak directly to this reader group through your writing and branding. Building a platform for people who aren’t interested in your book doesn’t make sense. You want to provide value to the people who want it. Once you have this profile in mind, you can better search for this reader in real life.

2. Determine a primary and secondary audience.

Every book has a primary and secondary audience, meaning your core group of readers, followed by readers who might pick up your book for a change of pace. These secondary readers may receive a copy of your book from a friend, which is an excellent opportunity to turn them into primary readers! Secondary markets might not be as obvious, but they’re equally important. Try to come up with one primary audience and several secondary ones.

3. Identify comp titles.

Comparative (“comp”) titles are books similar to yours in topic, writing style, theme, or genre. A list of comp titles is a great way to identify your audience. Chances are, people who read (and enjoy) those books will feel the same about yours. Start by doing some basic research to compile a list. Then, take it further by checking where those authors have an online presence, where and how they market their books, and the conversation surrounding them. You can tap into this by saying, “If you liked that book, try mine!”

4. Search social media.

Social media is a great place to find readers. Why? Because readers love to talk (and post) about books! A simple hashtag search can bring up tons of results for specific books, authors, or even just genres. For instance, you could search #suspensebooks (genre), #FriendsToLovers (trope), or even #mentalhealth (topic)—the more narrow your search, the more exact the results. Then, check out the profiles and start engaging with people of similar interests to your book.

5. Find online communities.

The beauty of the internet is there are opportunities to “meet” people worldwide right from the comfort of your home. These online communities are great places to discover readers and start conversations. Try doing a Google search for blogs and forums related to your topic or genre. There are tons! Read what people are talking about and what they like, then tailor some of your comments/posts to that. Introduce yourself and your book—you can’t expect people to find you if you don’t put yourself out there. Other online places to consider are Facebook groups and Goodreads, where readers gather to discuss books.

6. Do some keyword research.

It might sound scary, but keyword research doesn’t have to make you break into a sweat. Really what it comes down to is understanding the search terms people use most frequently for an item. Regarding books, you’d be interested to know how readers search for particular genres. There are tools you can use (such as KDP Rocket and many others) that will give you a list of keywords based on your book details. Use these keywords when marketing and selling your book to target the ideal reader.

7. Try paid advertising.

Ads can be overwhelming, but done well, and they are a great way to reach the right readers. That said, advertising comes with a cost and is something you’ll want to budget for. Depending on your goals, there are different types of ads (targeted, sponsored, etc.). Ultimately, ads are designed to show up near similar items, enticing readers to try your book. From there, you have a good chance of hooking a new reader for your primary audience.

8. Build a newsletter.

One way to get readers is to have them come to you. Designing a newsletter and building your list of subscribers creates a built-in readership base. These people are there because they want to be—which is the best type of reader. They’re invested in you and your work and may be the first to spread the news about your new releases to friends. Try putting a sign-up form on your website and sharing the link on your social media platforms to collect email addresses. Then, send out periodic newsletters with updates, giveaways, and behind-the-scenes info about your writing life.

9. Read your reviews (with caution).

The best way to understand what people think of your book is to read reviews—gulp! It is typically a big, fat no-no for authors. Why? Because one bad review can send you into a spiral of self-doubt. But chances are, for every low review, there are ten glowing reviews that you want to target. See what people are saying, what they love, then do more of it in your next project. You can find reviews in many places, including Amazon, Goodreads, Bookbub, and Bookstagram influencers.

The Takeaway

Finding your ideal reader takes a little bit of thought but shouldn’t send you into a panic. Don’t be afraid to experiment to see where you land. Eventually, a solid audience will emerge.

eBooks vs. Print Books: Pros and Cons

eBooks vs. Print Books: Pros and Cons

Readers today have more options than ever when it comes to how they consume books. From eBooks to audiobooks and, of course, print books, people can consume stories in different ways that fit their lifestyles and preferences. While there’s no definitive “which one is better” conclusion, there are pros and cons to both eBooks and physical books. These critical factors impact reader buying decisions. So, which one should you choose? Let’s take a look at some advantages of each.

eBook Pros

Portability
Nothing beats the convenience of eBooks when it comes to taking a book (or more) with you wherever you go. Whereas physical books are heavy and cumbersome, eBooks take up only a little space. As a result, they’re great for travel and people who read a lot of books in a short time. So load up your eReader, and you’re ready to go!

Night reading
If you’re the type who likes to read before bed but doesn’t want to keep the light on, eBooks are a great option. Most eReaders are backlit, meaning the screen is bright enough to read without an overhead light. However, artificial light has a downside (see below), which is something to consider.

Storage
Many people love the look of books on a bookshelf, but for those with limited space, eBooks are a way to collect and save books. eReaders can hold up to 500 books per gigabyte of storage—so with that Kindle you have, you could potentially store thousands of books on a single device.

Eco-Footprint
Printing physical books requires a lot of energy and natural resources. On the other hand, eBooks need none of these things, as they are all digital files (aside from the eReader itself). As a result, switching to eBooks could lower your carbon footprint and greatly reduce deforestation.

Less expensive
A big pro for many readers is that eBooks are generally less expensive than physical books. Whereas hardback books can reach up to $30, the same title eBook often taps out at $12.99 (many are much lower, including frequent promos for $0.99 or even free books). This lower pricing is because there are no printing costs associated with eBooks, allowing them to retail at a lower price point.

Features
Some eBooks have special features like bookmarks, highlighting, and even adding notes. In addition, the hyperlinked text means users can click to look up definitions of words or even visit outside sources on the internet, then quickly return to the book. All of these technological features have increased the functionality of eBooks in today’s market.

Availability
eBooks are available at the click of a button, which means you can buy and start reading a new book without leaving your home. They’re never out of stock and aren’t subject to shipping concerns. In a nutshell, eBooks are ideal for instant gratification.

eBook Cons

Connectivity
Most eReaders do not require wifi to read a book—however, you need to be connected to the internet to download a book. Therefore, if traveling, it’s best to load up your eReader before you leave so that the books are there and ready in case you find yourself in an area without wifi. Similarly, you must charge eReaders, and you run the risk of running out of battery right when you’re getting to the good part!

Artificial light
As mentioned above, eBooks are an excellent option for nighttime reading. However, the artificial light produced by many eReaders can strain your eyes and interfere with your body’s natural sleep cycle. Even with improved lighting and anti-glare technology, you might still need frequent breaks to rest your eyes.

No touch and feel
Perhaps one of the main reasons eBooks turn readers off is the lack of “touch and feel” compared to holding an actual book in your hands. Reading is very much an experience for some people, and eBooks may not align with that.

Print Book Pros

“Traditional” reading experience
Print books allow readers to touch the pages, feel the book in their hands, and smell the cover. It immerses them in the reading experience through physical substance, something eBooks can’t do.

Screen-free
For those who are wary of screen time, print books can give you a break. In today’s world, where people are on their devices all day, reading a physical book is a great change of pace, is easier on your eyes, and helps you disconnect.

You don’t have to be tech-savvy
There’s no learning curve to reading a book—simply open and start, which is good news for people who find eBooks confusing or overwhelming. No buttons to push, nothing to download.

Sharing
When you have finished a book, what do you do with it? Many people donate or pass it along to a friend. Sharing is much easier with print books and helps support the second-hand book market.

Better Illustrations
For picture books and novels with illustrations, the print version will often be of higher quality when it comes to images. Illustrations are crisper, richer, and in color, whereas some eReaders are only black & white.

Print Book Cons

More expensive
Price is one of the most significant downsides of print books. Due to printing costs (paper, production, shipping, etc.), physical books will always be higher priced than eBooks. The average price for hardcover books is $24.99–$27.99, significantly more than an eBook.

Portability and size
Physical books take up more space both during and after reading. Taking multiple books on vacation can fill up a suitcase quickly, and storing all the books you read requires space some people may not have.

Less economical
Printing physical books uses a lot of natural resources and can take a toll on the environment. An excellent way to combat this is to buy used books, borrow from the library, or consider eBooks.

The Takeaway

Reading is a personal preference, and while there are pros and cons for both physical books and eBooks, there’s no overall right or wrong choice. Weigh the advantages of each to make a choice that suits your lifestyle and needs. At the end of the day, the most important thing is that you’re enjoying a great book!

Why Audiobooks are the Ultimate Win-Win for Readers and Authors

Why Audiobooks are the Ultimate Win-Win for Readers and Authors

In a world where time is precious and attention spans are short, audiobooks have emerged as a game-changer for both readers and writers. Whether you’re a busy professional on the go, a parent juggling multiple responsibilities, or simply someone who loves to multitask, audiobooks offer a convenient and flexible way to consume literature. But it’s not just readers who benefit from this trend.

For writers, audiobooks represent a new and exciting way to reach audiences and connect with readers on a deeper level. By combining the power of storytelling with the intimacy of the spoken word, audiobooks offer a unique opportunity to bring stories to life in unexpected ways. In this article, we’ll explore the many benefits of audiobooks and why they are quickly becoming the ultimate win-win for readers and authors alike. So, whether you’re a seasoned audiobook enthusiast or a curious newcomer, get ready to hear why audiobooks are taking the literary world by storm.

The Rise of Audiobooks

In recent years, audiobooks have risen in popularity and have become an increasingly popular form of entertainment for many people. The pandemic further bolstered this trend as more people spent more time at home looking for ways to stay entertained. With just a few clicks on a smartphone, audiobooks have become easily accessible, allowing people to enjoy books while on the go or doing other activities.

As technology advances and consumer demands change, the definition of books and publishing is evolving. Audiobooks are now an integral part of the publishing industry, offering authors and readers a range of benefits. The rise of audiobooks will continue as more people discover the advantages of this exciting and innovative form of storytelling.

Benefits of Audiobooks for Readers

Audiobooks offer a unique and convenient way for readers worldwide to enjoy books. Here are just some of the benefits audiobooks provide readers:

  • Convenience: Audiobooks allow readers to listen to their favorite books while doing other activities, such as driving, exercising, or cooking.
  • Improved Comprehension: Listening to books can improve comprehension, particularly for those struggling with reading or learning disabilities.
  • Wider Selection: Audiobooks allow readers to access a broader selection of books, including those that may be out of print or hard to find.
  • Improved Pronunciation: Listening to audiobooks can help improve pronunciation, particularly for those learning a new language.
  • Enhanced Experience: Audiobooks can enhance the reading experience, particularly for books with multiple characters or complex plots.
  • Time-Saving: Audiobooks offer a time-saving option for busy readers who may not have the time to sit down and read a book.

Overall, audiobooks offer a convenient and enjoyable way for readers to access and enjoy books.

Benefits of Audiobooks for Authors

Audiobooks have become a popular addition to the publishing industry, and they offer several benefits for authors, including:

  • Increased Audience: Audiobooks offer authors access to a wider audience, including those who may not have the time, ability, or inclination to read a physical book.
  • Additional Revenue Stream: Audiobooks provide authors with an additional revenue stream, as they can earn royalties on sales of both the physical book and the audiobook.
  • Enhanced Visibility: Audiobooks can increase an author’s visibility, as they are often promoted alongside the physical book and can help to generate buzz and interest.
  • Improved Engagement: Audiobooks can enhance reader engagement, as the narrator’s voice can add an emotional depth to the story that may not be present in the physical book.
  • Increased Accessibility: Audiobooks can make books more accessible to those with visual impairments, learning disabilities, or other conditions that may make reading difficult or impossible.
  • Brand Building: Audiobooks can help to build an author’s brand, as they offer a unique opportunity to showcase an author’s voice and style.

Audiobooks offer authors a wide range of benefits, from increased audience and revenue to enhanced engagement and brand-building.

The advancement of audiobooks has been a game-changer for both readers and authors, offering a convenient and enjoyable way to consume literature while also providing a unique opportunity for authors to connect with audiences on a deeper level. The benefits of audiobooks for both groups are numerous, from improved comprehension and enhanced engagement to increased revenue and brand-building. As the demand for audiobooks continues to grow and technology advances, it’s clear that this exciting and innovative form of storytelling is here to stay. So, whether you’re a long-time audiobook enthusiast or a newcomer to this trend, there has never been a better time to explore the world of audiobooks and experience its many benefits.

Book Formatting 101: Common Terms and Definitions

Book Formatting 101: Common Terms and Definitions

A Guide to Common Book Formatting Terms

Formatting is how your book looks on the inside. It includes aesthetic choices like fonts and chapter headings and technical decisions such as spacing and margins. They may sound minor, but these things all add up to the whole package that is your professionally formatted book. Whether you’re self-publishing and doing the formatting yourself or working with a professional, you’ll probably come across terms that may be unfamiliar. However, it’s essential to understand the language of book design to make the right choices for your work. Here is a list of common book formatting terms authors should know:

Ascender / Descender

Ascenders and descenders are parts of letters that extend beyond the cap height. For instance, lowercase p, g, and y are descenders because they have a “tail” that hangs down, and lowercase h, l, and d are ascenders because they extend up.

Baseline

The baseline is the invisible line on which the text sits. Descenders will extend below the baseline. The baseline is important for keeping text straight, and it is also used for spacing purposes.

Bleed

Bleed refers to a printed design that goes to the edge of a page (or runs off the page). It is a term mostly related to picture books or books with illustrations and book covers. If a book has “no bleed,” the image stops short of the edge of the page, leaving a white border.

Blind folio

A blind folio is a page number that is not printed on the page. For instance, the first few pages of a book that contain the front matter (copyright, title page, dedication, etc.) typically do not have page numbers. In this case, Page 1 would start on a later page.

CMYK vs. RGB

Both CMYK and RGB are color modes but for different end uses. CMYK is intended for printed materials and is a combination of the colors cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. RGB blends the primary colors of red, blue, and green and is used for screen display. Because of the way the colors mix, CMYK can produce a darker, richer result. When it comes to book formatting and printing, designers will use CMYK.

Crop marks

Crop marks are the physical or digital lines that indicate the final trim size. They can be used as cut lines in the printing and binding process or as guides for the digital cover design.

DPI & PPI

DPI stands for dots per inch, and PPI for pixels per inch. Both terms describe an image’s resolution but are used in different contexts.

DPI describes the resolution of printed images and refers to the number of ink dots per inch. PPI describes the resolution of digital images and refers to the number of pixels present per inch. A higher number for either results in higher-resolution images with more detail. Books should strive for images that contain a minimum of 300 DPI.

Drop caps

A drop cap is when a paragraph or chapter’s first character (usually the first letter of the first word) is enlarged. Drop caps give your book an elegant or professional feel.

Folio

A fancy word for “page numbers,” folio comes from the early days of printing. A few rules for page numbering include:

  • Odd numbered pages on the right
  • Even numbered pages on the left
  • Never page number the front matter (referred to as blind folio)
  • Start page 1 with the first page of text
  • Don’t place page numbers near the gutter

Grayscale

Grayscale is a color mode that uses only black, white, and shades of gray. Some novels that contain images like maps use it. When it comes to printing, grayscale is less expensive than color printing.

Gutter

A gutter is the blank space between two facing pages of a book or a magazine, where the pages are bound together. The gutter is where the spine of the book or magazine is located, and it is usually the area that is most difficult to read because the binding partially obscures it.

Considering the gutter when designing a page spread is vital. If the content is too close to the gutter, it may become lost or obscured in the binding process, making it difficult to read or appreciate.

Margin

Margins are the blank perimeter around the text of a book. There are four types of margins: top, bottom, outside, and inside. Margin size often depends on the trim size and the number of pages in the book. Typical margin sizes for books range from 0.5 to 0.75 inches. The exception is the inside margin, also called the gutter, which requires a larger margin to accommodate readability.

Justification

Justification refers to the edge of the text and whether it is straight or jagged. Most text is left justified (or left flush), meaning the left-hand side is straight. If a text is Justified, the words have been spaced out so that the left and right edges are straight.

Kerning

Kerning refers to the space between letters. Adjusting the default kerning can make the text more visually pleasing. It can eliminate awkward gaps and improve legibility.

Leading

Leading is the white space between lines of text. It’s a fancy way to refer to spacing. Having a proper leading size will make readability easier. Most novels are published with single-spaced lines. However, you can adjust the leading for additional space after the baseline. To give each line some breathing room, consider a 1.1 to 1.5 leading.

Page, Leaf, Spread

A page and leaf both refer to a single sheet of paper, either the right-hand or left-hand side of the book. A spread is the two facing pages when you open the book flat. For picture books, planning the spread for visual purposes is important.

Serif vs. Sans Serif

These terms refer to the style of the font. Serif fonts have decorative “tails” (lines/tapers) at their ends. They’re often considered more ornamental, sophisticated, and traditional. Sans serif—from the French meaning “without” —do not have these finishing strokes. They are cleaner and simpler. Times New Roman is an example of a Serif font, and Arial is an example of a Sans Serif font.

Trim size

The trim size is the final size of the finished book. Common trim sizes for novels include 6” x 9” and 5.5” x 8.5”. Some genres or categories may lean toward a larger or smaller trim size. For instance, mass market books are typically around 4.25” x 6.5”, whereas children’s picture books can be all sorts of sizes.

Widow / Orphans

Widows and orphans refer to the last line or word being left alone at the bottom or top of a page. It’s “stranded” or separated from the rest of the paragraph and is considered visually unappealing.